What is Congenital Heart Disease?

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are structural problems of the heart or major blood vessels that are present at birth. These defects can vary in severity and can affect the heart's ability to pump blood and supply oxygen to the body. At least 18 distinct types of CHD are recognized, with many additional anatomic variations. Some of the most common congenital heart defects include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and tetralogy of Fallot.

CHD is one of the most common birth defects, affecting approximately 1% of all live births. Many cases of CHD are diagnosed before birth through prenatal screening and diagnostic tests. However, some individuals with CHD may not be diagnosed until later in life.

Advances in medical technology have made it possible to diagnose and treat most congenital heart defects. Surgery and heart catheterization are the most common treatments for CHD. These procedures can repair or replace damaged heart valves and correct certain defects. With proper treatment, many individuals with CHD are able to lead normal, healthy lives.

However, CHD can have a significant impact on the quality of life for affected individuals. CHD can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Additionally, many individuals with CHD will require lifelong monitoring and care from a healthcare team.

It is important for parents to be aware of the signs and symptoms of CHD, as well as the risk factors for the development of the disease. Prenatal care, including regular ultrasound screenings, can help detect CHD in unborn babies.

In conclusion, Congenital Heart Defects are structural problems of the heart or major blood vessels that present at birth, and they can vary in severity. With ongoing progress in diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to treat most defects, even those once thought to be hopeless, giving hope for a normal, healthy life for affected individuals.