What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a type of heart disease that occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of plaque. This can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart, which can cause chest pain (angina) or a heart attack.

CAD is a leading cause of death worldwide and is often caused by a combination of factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Symptoms of CAD may include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and an irregular heartbeat. CAD can be diagnosed using a variety of tests, including a physical exam, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, and coronary angiography (a test that uses X-rays to visualize the coronary arteries).

Treatment for CAD may include medications to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of further blockages, as well as lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and exercise program. In severe cases, procedures such as coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty may be necessary.

It is important to take steps to reduce the risk of CAD, such as by maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine, not smoking, and managing conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol.